Title : 71. De-Moralizing School Procedure: The Underground History of American Education by John Taylor Gatto from archive.org
link : 71. De-Moralizing School Procedure: The Underground History of American Education by John Taylor Gatto from archive.org
71. De-Moralizing School Procedure: The Underground History of American Education by John Taylor Gatto from archive.org
71. De-Moralizing School Procedure: The Underground History of American Education by John Taylor Gatto from archive.orgDe-Moralizing School Procedure
But a strange thing happened as more and more children were drawn into the net, a crisis of an unexpected sort. At first those primitive one-room and two-room compulsion schools — even the large new secondary schools like Philadelphia's Central High — poured out large numbers of trained,
disciplined intellects. Government schoolteachers in those early days chose overwhelmingly to emulate standards of private academies, and to a remarkable degree they succeeded in unwittingly sabotaging the hierarchical plan being moved on line. Without a carefully trained administrative staff (and most American schools had no administrators), it proved impossible to impose the dumbing-down process 1 promised by the German prototype. In addition, right through the 1920s, a skilled apprenticeship alternative was active in the United States, traditional training that still honored our national mythology of success.
Ironically, the first crisis provoked by the new school institution was taking its rhetorical mandate too seriously. From it poured an abundance of intellectually trained minds at exactly the moment when the national economy of independent livelihoods and democratic workplaces was giving way to professionally managed, accountant-driven hierarchical corporations which needed no such people. The typical graduate of a one- room school represented a force antithetical to the logic of corporate life, a cohort inclined to judge leadership on its merit, one reluctant to confer authority on mere titles. 2
Immediate action was called for. Cubberley's celebratory history doesn't examine motives, but does uneasily record forceful steps taken just inside the new century to nip the career of intellectual schooling for the masses in the bud, replacing it with a different goal: the forging of "well-adjusted" citizens.
Since 1900, and due more to the activity of persons concerned with social legislation and those interested in improving the moral welfare of children than to educators themselves, there has been a general revision of the compulsory education laws of our States and the enactment of much new child- welfare... and anti-child-labor legislation. ...These laws have brought into the schools not only the truant and the incorrigible, who under former conditions either left early or were expelled, but also many children... who have no aptitude for book learning and many children of inferior mental qualities who do not profit by ordinary classroom procedures. ...Our schools have come to contain many children who. ..become a nuisance in the school and tend to demoralize school procedure. [emphasis added]
We're not going to get much closer to running face-to-face into the true believers and the self-interested parties who imposed forced schooling than in Cubberley's mysterious "persons concerned with social legislation." At about the time Cubberley refers to, Walter Jessup, president of the University of Iowa, was publicly complaining, "Now America demands we educate the whole.... It is a much more
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